When Hearing Aids Stop Working: A Troubleshooting Guide

Hearing aids are sophisticated devices, but even the most advanced technology can encounter problems. The good news? Many common issues have simple solutions you can try at home before scheduling a repair appointment.

This guide will walk you through troubleshooting steps, help you identify when professional assistance is needed, and provide tips to prevent future malfunctions.

Quick Check: The 5-Minute Troubleshooting Protocol

Before diving into detailed troubleshooting, try these five quick checks. They solve approximately 80% of hearing aid malfunctions:

Problem	Quick Fix	Why It Works
No sound at all	Replace the battery	Dead batteries are the #1 cause of total silence
Weak or distorted sound	Clean wax from receiver/dome	Earwax blocks sound from reaching your ear
Whistling/feedback	Reinsert hearing aid properly	Improper fit allows sound to leak and re-amplify
Intermittent cutting out	Check for moisture; use dehumidifier	Moisture damages electronics and batteries
One aid not working	Swap batteries between aids	Identifies if problem is battery or device

Common Problems and Step-by-Step Solutions

Problem 1: No Sound at All

When your hearing aid is completely silent, work through these steps in order:

1. Check the power source:
   • Replace the battery with a fresh one (even if the low battery indicator hasn't activated)
   • For rechargeable aids, ensure they're fully charged and the charging contacts are clean
   • Remove battery tab completely and wait 60 seconds before inserting battery
2. Verify it's turned on:
   • Some hearing aids have tiny on/off switches—ensure it's in the "on" position
   • If it has a program button, cycle through all programs
   • Check if volume is set to minimum
3. Inspect for blockages:
   • Look at the sound outlet (receiver/speaker opening) with good lighting
   • Remove any visible wax with the cleaning tool provided
   • Check that the wax guard isn't completely blocked
4. Test with a listening tube:
   • If you have a listening tube (stethoset), use it to verify sound output
   • This helps determine if the problem is the hearing aid or your ear

Problem 2: Weak, Muffled, or Distorted Sound

If you can hear something but it's not right, try these solutions:

1. Deep clean the device:
   • Remove the dome or earmold and clean thoroughly
   • Replace the wax guard/filter (do this every 1-2 months)
   • Use your brush to clean all openings
   • For BTE models, check the tubing for cracks or moisture droplets
2. Check your ear:
   • Gently clean your ear canal entrance (never insert objects deeply)
   • If you suspect significant earwax buildup, see your doctor for professional removal
   • Note: hearing aid use can increase wax production in some people
3. Verify program settings:
   • Ensure you're in the correct program for your environment
   • If you have an app, check if settings were accidentally changed
   • Volume should be at your normal setting

Problem 3: Whistling, Squealing, or Feedback

Feedback happens when amplified sound leaks out and gets re-amplified. Here's how to stop it:

1. Fix the fit:
   • Remove and reinsert the hearing aid, ensuring it's seated properly
   • For BTE models, make sure the tube/wire isn't twisted
   • Check that the dome or earmold isn't damaged or shrunken
2. Assess volume:
   • If feedback occurs at normal volume, the fit may have changed
   • Excessive volume can cause feedback in any hearing aid
3. Look for obstacles:
   • Hats, scarves, or hoods too close to your hearing aids can cause feedback
   • Even your hand near your ear can trigger whistling
4. Check for physical changes:
   • Weight loss, aging, or dental work can change ear canal shape
   • You may need a new earmold or dome size

Problem 4: Intermittent Cutting In and Out

Intermittent problems are often the hardest to diagnose but usually stem from these causes:

1. Moisture issues:
   • Place hearing aids in a dehumidifier overnight for 3-5 days
   • Check for condensation in the tubing (BTE models)
   • In humid climates or for active users, use a dehumidifier every night
2. Connection problems:
   • For RIC/RITE models, ensure the receiver wire is securely connected
   • Gently clean connection points with a dry cloth
   • Check for bent pins or damaged connectors
3. Battery contact issues:
   • Clean battery contacts with a dry cotton swab
   • Ensure battery is inserted in correct orientation
   • Try a battery from a different pack (occasionally, whole packs are defective)

Problem 5: Bluetooth/Connectivity Issues

For hearing aids with wireless features:

1. Basic reset procedure:
   • Turn hearing aids off, then on again
   • Remove from phone's Bluetooth settings and re-pair
   • Update the hearing aid app to the latest version
   • Restart your phone
2. Environmental factors:
   • Strong electromagnetic interference can disrupt Bluetooth (airports, hospitals)
   • Keep phone within recommended range (usually 30 feet with clear line of sight)
   • Having phone in back pocket may cause connection drops
3. Streaming quality issues:
   • Reduce other Bluetooth connections on your phone
   • Check that hearing aid firmware is up to date
   • Some hearing aids perform better with accessories (streamer devices)

When to Contact Your Audiologist

You've tried the troubleshooting steps, but your hearing aids still aren't working properly. It's time for professional help when:

• Physical damage is visible: Cracks, broken parts, loose components, or separated pieces require professional repair
• Internal issues are suspected: Problems that persist after cleaning, battery changes, and basic troubleshooting often indicate internal component failure
• Frequent recurring issues: If you're troubleshooting the same problem multiple times per week, there's likely an underlying cause
• Warranty coverage: If your hearing aids are under warranty, don't attempt repairs yourself—you may void the warranty
• Performance has gradually declined: Hearing aids that no longer provide the amplification they once did may need reprogramming or repair
• Fit issues: If domes/earmolds are uncomfortable, cause soreness, or don't stay in place, you need a refit

Understanding Hearing Aid Repairs

What Happens During a Repair

Your audiologist will typically:

1. Perform diagnostic testing to identify the specific malfunction
2. Assess whether repair is possible in-office or requires manufacturer service
3. Check warranty status and provide cost estimates if out of warranty
4. Clean and inspect all components, even if they're not the primary issue
5. Test hearing aids thoroughly before returning them to you

Repair Timelines and Costs

Repair Type	Typical Timeline	Typical Cost Range	Warranty Coverage
In-office repairs	Same day	$0-$150	Often covered
Manufacturer repairs	1-3 weeks	$150-$400	Depends on issue
Receiver replacement	Same day to 1 week	$75-$250	Usually covered
Full shell replacement	2-4 weeks	$300-$600	Rarely covered

Note: Many manufacturers offer extended warranty or insurance plans that significantly reduce out-of-pocket costs for repairs. Ask about these options when purchasing new hearing aids.

Loaner Hearing Aids

Many audiology practices provide loaner hearing aids while yours are being repaired. These may not match your exact prescription, but they ensure you maintain hearing function during the repair period. Don't hesitate to request loaners—it's a common practice.

Prevention: Keeping Your Hearing Aids Working

Most hearing aid problems are preventable with proper care and maintenance:

Daily Habits

• Clean hearing aids every night: Use your brush and/or cleaning cloth to remove wax, debris, and moisture
• Store properly: Keep in a dehumidifier or drying case overnight
• Keep battery door open: When not in use, open the battery door to air out the device and preserve battery life
• Handle with care: Always work over a soft surface (bed, couch) in case you drop them
• Keep dry: Remove before showering, swimming, or applying hairspray/cosmetics

Weekly Maintenance

• Deep clean: Remove domes/earmolds and clean thoroughly
• Inspect for damage: Check tubing, wires, and shells for cracks or wear
• Replace wax guards: If you see significant buildup (or every 2 weeks as routine)
• Check for moisture: Look for condensation in tubing or foggy sound outlets

Monthly Best Practices

• Test in different environments: Ensure performance is consistent across settings
• Review app settings: Make sure nothing was accidentally changed
• Update firmware: Check for and install any available updates
• Inventory supplies: Stock up on batteries, wax guards, domes, and cleaning tools

Environmental Considerations

Hearing aids are durable, but certain conditions accelerate wear:

• High humidity: Use a dehumidifier religiously; consider sweatbands for exercise
• Extreme temperatures: Don't leave hearing aids in hot cars or freezing conditions
• Dusty/dirty environments: Clean more frequently; cover ears when possible
• Active lifestyles: Consider moisture-resistant models and more frequent maintenance

When to Consider Replacement vs. Repair

Sometimes repair isn't the best option. Consider replacement when:

• Age: Hearing aids over 5 years old may be nearing end-of-life, and repair costs add up
• Frequent repairs: If you're repairing the same device multiple times per year
• Technology advances: Newer models may offer significant improvements in performance, connectivity, or comfort
• Hearing changes: If your hearing has changed significantly, new hearing aids properly programmed for your current needs may serve you better
• Repair costs: If repair exceeds 50% of replacement cost, consider new devices
• Discontinued models: Some older models become difficult to repair as parts become unavailable

Discuss replacement vs. repair with your audiologist—they can help you make an informed decision based on your specific situation, budget, and hearing needs.