ใใฎใใผใธใฎ็ฎ็
ใใฎใฌใคใใฏใ้ฃ่ดใใใใจใใฎๅฎ่ทต็ใชใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใซ็ฆ็นใๅฝใฆใฆใใพใใไฝใๅฉใใซใชใใใไผใใใใจใใฏใฃใใใ้กใใใใใจใใใใฆๅฎ้ใฎ็ๆดปๅ ด้ขใง็ญใ่จใๅใใไฝฟใใใจใงใใ ใใใฏๆ่ฒ็จใฎๅ ๅฎนใงใใใๅป็็ใพใใฏๆณ็ๅฉ่จใงใฏใใใพใใใๅป็ไธใฎๅคๆญใซใคใใฆใฏใๆ ๅฝใฎๅป็่ ใซ็ธ่ซใใฆใใ ใใใ
ๅป็ๅฏพๅฟใซๅใๆฟใใในใใจใ
ใใ ใๆๆ ขใใฆใใ้ใใใในใใงใฏใชใ็็ถใใใใพใใๆฌกใฎใใใชๅ ดๅใฏใ็ทๆฅใพใใฏๆๆฅใฎ่ฉไพกใๅใใฆใใ ใใใ
- ็ช็ถใฎ้ฃ่ด๏ผๆฐๆ้ใใๆฐๆฅใฎ้ใซ่ตทใใ๏ผ
- ๆฐใใ่ดใใใฎๅคๅใไผดใๅผทใใใพใ
- ๆฐใใช้กใฎ้บป็บใใใณใใใพใใฏใใฎไปใฎๆฐใใ็ฅ็ต็็ถ
- ็บ็ฑใไผดใ่ณใ ใใใพใใฏๅผทใ่ณใฎ็ใฟ
- ๆๅๆง่ณ้ณด๏ผๅฟๆใซๅใใใฆ่ใใใใถใผใใจใใ้ณ๏ผ
ใฏใฃใใใใๆฌกใฎไธๆญฉใ็ฅใใซใฏใ็ทๆฅๆ: ่ดใใใป่ณ้ณดใใปใใฉใณในใๅฉ็จใใฆใใ ใใใ45
่ชๅใฎใใใซๅฃฐใไธใใใใจใฏใใไฝใงใ่ชๅไธญๅฟใซใใใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใ่ชๅใๅๅ ใใ็่งฃใใใใใฆ็่งฃใใฆใใใใใใใซใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใๆฉ่ฝใใใใใจใงใใ
ใฏใคใใฏในใฟใผใ: 10็งใง่จใใใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใฎ่จใๆน
ใใกใฐใๅนๆ็ใชใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใฏใใใใฆใ็ญใใๅ ทไฝ็ใงใ่กๅใซ็ฆ็นใใใใใฎใงใใๆไบบใฎ่ด่ฆใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใฎๆ ็ตใฟใงใใๅฎ็จ็ใชใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณๆฏๆดใจใๆ ๅ ฑใธใฎใขใฏใปในใๆนๅใใใใใฎๅ ฑๅ่ฒฌไปปใ้่ฆใใใฆใใพใใ12
1) ๅฟ ่ฆใไผใใ: ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใใ
2) ๅ ทไฝ็ใชๅคๅใใ้กใใใ: ใใใกใใๅใใฆใใฏใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใ
3) ๅคงไบใช้จๅใ็ขบ่ชใใ: ใ่ฆ็น / ๆ้ / ๆฌกใฎในใใใใใใไธๅบฆ่จใฃใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใ
็นใซๅฝน็ซใคใใจ
่ฒ ๆ ใๆธใใใ็่งฃใๅฉใใใทใณใใซใชๅทฅๅคซใงใใ
ใใฎใพใพไฝฟใใใใฌใผใบ
็คพไบคใไปไบใๅป็ใใตใผใในๅ ด้ขใงไฝฟใใ็ญใ่จใๅใใงใใ
ๅ็บใธใฎๅฏพๅฟ
่ปฝใๆตใใใใๅฟใใใใใใใใจใใฎใ่ฝใก็ใใ็ดๆฅ็ใช่ฟใๆนใงใใ
ใใฏใใญใธใผใซใใๆฏๆด
ๅญๅนใใชใขใผใใใคใฏใใๆๅญใงใฎ่ฃๅฉใใชใฉใฎ้ธๆ่ขใงใใ
ใชใๅฃฐใไธใใใฎใใใใชใซ้ฃใใๆใใใฎใ
้ฃ่ดใฎใใๅคใใฎไบบใฏใใไบ้ใฎ่ฒ ๆ ใใใใใจ่ฉฑใใพใใ็ธๆใฎ่จ่ใ็่งฃใใใใจใใชใใใ่ชๅใ้ขๅใชไบบใ้ ใไบบใใใใใฏใ่ฟทๆใใใใไบบใใซ่ฆใใชใใใๆฐใซใใฆใใใฎใงใใ ้จใใใๅ ดๆใง่ใใใจใฏใใใฐใใฐใใๅคใใฎ็ฒพ็ฅ็ใจใใซใฎใผใๅฟ ่ฆใจใใพใใใใใฏ่ใๅใๅชๅใจๅผใฐใใใใจใใใใๆ้ใใใคใจ็ฒๅดใในใใฌในใซใคใชใใใใจใใใใพใใ3
้ ๆ ฎใ้ใ่งๅบฆใใ่ใใ
ๆฏๆดใใ้กใใใใใจใฏใๅไบบ็ใช่ฆชๅใๆฑใใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใธใฎใขใฏใปในใใคใพใ่ชๅใไฝฟใใๅฝขใงๅใๆ ๅ ฑใๅใๅใใใใฎใ้กใใงใใ ใใฎ่ใๆนใฏใ่ด่ฆใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใฎๆ้ใ้ๅฎณใซ้ขใใๅ็็้ ๆ ฎใฎ่ใๆนใจใไธ่ดใใฆใใพใใ127
็นใซๅฝน็ซใคใใจ๏ผๅนๆใๅคงใใใๆฐใพใใใชใใซใใๅทฅๅคซ๏ผ
ใใใใฏๅคใใฎๅ ด้ขใงใ้กใใใใใใใพใ่ฉฆใใใๅทฅๅคซใใงใใๆไบบใฎ่ด่ฆใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใฎๆจๅฅจใใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใธใฎใขใฏใปในใจใใ่ใๆนใจๅบใไธ่ดใใฆใใพใใ12
- ้ก + ๆใใ: ใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใฎๆนใๅใใฆใใ ใใใใใงใใใฐ็ธๆใฎ้กใ่ฆใใใๆใใๅ ดๆใซๅบงใใพใใใใ
- ้จ้ณใๆธใใ: ในใใผใซใผใ้ณๆฅฝใใ้ขใใใ้ใใช้ ใซ็งปใใ่ๆฏ้ณใๆญขใใใชใฉใใใพใใ
- ่ท้ขใ็ธฎใใ: ่ฟใใปใฉ่ใๅใใใใใชใใพใใใใใๅฐใ่ฟใใง่ฉฑใใพใใใใ
- ไธๅบฆใซไธไบบใใค: ใไธไบบใใค่ฉฑใใฆใใใใใจใใคใใฆใใใใใใงใใใ
- ใใ ็นฐใ่ฟใใฎใงใฏใชใ่จใๆใใ: ็นฐใ่ฟใใฆใไผใใใชใใจใใฏใใๅฅใฎ่จใๆนใง่จใฃใฆใใใใพใใใใใจ้ ผใฟใพใใ
- ๅคงไบใช่ฉณ็ดฐใ็ขบ่ชใใ: ๅๅใๆ้ใๆ่ฌ้ใๆฌกใฎในใใใใซใคใใฆใฏใใๆธใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใใจ่ใใพใใ
็ญใไธ่จใงๅคงใใชๅนๆ
ใใใฃใจๅคงใใชๅฃฐใงใใงใฏใชใใใใฃใจๅ ทไฝ็ใซ่จใฃใฆใฟใพใใใใ ใใใกใใๅใใฆใใฏใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใ ใใใใ ใๅคงใใชๅฃฐใงใใฏ้ณใๆญชใใใจใใใใพใใ้กใๅใใฆใใใๆนใๅฝน็ซใคใใจใๅคใใฎใงใใ
ไฝฟใใใใฌใผใบ้๏ผๅฟ ่ฆใซๅฟใใฆ่ชฟๆดใใฆใใ ใใ๏ผ
ๆฑบใพใฃใ่จใๅใใๅฝน็ซใคใฎใฏใใใฎๅ ดใงไฝใจ่จใใ่ใใ่ฒ ๆ ใๆธใใใใใใงใใ็ญใใ็นฐใ่ฟใไฝฟใใๅ ทไฝ็ใซไฟใกใพใใใใๆไบบใฎ่ด่ฆใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใงใฏใ็ฐๅขใใจใซๅฎ็จ็ใช้ๅ ท็ฎฑใไฝใใใจใ้่ฆใใใฆใใพใใ2
ๆฐ่ปฝใช็คพไบคใฎๅ ด๏ผใฌในใใฉใณใใใผใใฃใผใๅฎถๆใฎ้ใพใ๏ผ
ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใ้กใ่ฆใใๅธญใซๅบงใใพใใใใ
ใใซใใใใชๅ ดๆใฏ่ใๅใใซใใใงใใใใๅฐใ้ใใชใจใใใซ็งปใใพใใใใ
ใใใฎ้จๅใ่ใๅใใพใใใงใใใใใกใใๅใใฆใใไธๅบฆ่จใฃใฆใใใใพใใใใ
ใไธ้จใ ใ่ใใใพใใใ่ฆ็นใฏไฝใงใใใใ
ไปไบใๅญฆๆ กใไผ่ญฐ
ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใ้กใ่ฆใใใจไธ็ช็่งฃใใใใใฎใงใๅ จๅกใ่ฆใใๅธญใซๅบงใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ
ใๅญๅนใ่ฆ็นใฎๆๆธๅใใใใจใใฃใใๅๅ ใงใใพใใใฉใฎใใใซๆบๅใใใฎใใใใงใใใใ6
ใ็ท ใๅใใจๆฌกใฎในใใใใใใไธๅบฆ่จใฃใฆใใใใพใใใๆญฃใใ่ใๅใใใ็ขบ่ชใใใใงใใใ
ใไผ่ญฐใฎใใจใงใ้่ฆใชๆฑบๅฎไบ้ ใๆๆธใซใพใจใใฆใใใใพใใใใ
ๅป็ๆฉ้ขใฎๅ่จบ
ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใฎๆนใๅใใฆใใ ใใใ่ใ่ฟใใใจใใใใใใใใพใใใ่ชๅใฎ้ธๆ่ขใใใกใใจ็่งฃใใใใจใๅคงๅใงใใใ
ใใใฎ้จๅใใใใใใใพใใใงใใใ้่ฆใชๆ้ ใๆธใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใ
ใใพใ2ใ3ๆใง่จ็ปใใพใจใใฆใใใ่ฉณใใ่ชฌๆใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใ
ใตใผใในๅฉ็จๆ๏ผ้่กใๅฐๅฃฒๅบใๅไป็ชๅฃ๏ผ
ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใใฏใฃใใ่ฉฑใใฆใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใใ
ใใฌใฉใน่ถใใ ใจใใ่ใใใพใใใ้้ก / ่ชฌๆใๆธใใฆใใใ ใใพใใใใ
ๅ็บใๅใใใจใใฎๅฏพๅฟ๏ผๅคงใใจใซใใชใใใใซ๏ผ
็ธๆใใใใกใชใๅๅฟใใใใ่ปฝใๆตใใใใๅใซโฆโฆๅฟใใฆใใพใฃใใใใใใจใใใใพใใ้ทใ่ชฌๆใฏๅฟ ่ฆใใใพใใใ่ฝใก็ใใฆ็นฐใ่ฟใใไธ่จใใใใฐๅๅใงใใ
ใใใใใใใใจ่จใใใใจใ
ใ็งใฏ็ฅใใใใงใใ่ใใใใใใซใใไธๅบฆ่จใฃใฆใใ ใใใใ
ใ็งใๅซใพใใฆใใใใจใๅคงๅใงใใใใไธๅบฆใ้กใใใพใใใ
ใๆฐใซใใใใใ้ขๅใ ใใจ่จใใใใจใ
ใ็่งฃใใใใใซๅฟ ่ฆใชใใจใไผใใฆใใพใใใใกใใๅใใฆ่ฉฑใใฆใใใใใจๅฉใใใพใใใ
ใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใใใใฆใใใใใจใ็งใซใจใฃใฆใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใใใใใใชใใพใใใ
ใ้กใใ็ก่ฆใใใใจใ
ใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใฎๆนใๅใใฆใใใ ใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใพใใ็ฎใใใใใใใพใพใ ใจ็่งฃใงใใพใใใใ
ไปไบใๅป็ใ้่ฆใชใตใผใในใชใฉใใใๅคงๅใชๅ ด้ขใงใขใฏใปในใๅๅใซ็ขบไฟใใใชใๅ ดๅใฏใไธๅธใไธปๅฌ่ ใไบบไบใๆฃ่ ๆฏๆดๆ ๅฝ่ ใชใฉใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใใไธ่ฒซใใๆฏๆดใๆดใใใฎใๅฝน็ซใคใใจใใใใพใใ ็ฑณๅฝใฎ้ๅฎณ้ข้ฃใชใฝใผในใฏใใๅ็็้ ๆ ฎใใๅซใไธ่ฌ็ใช้ ๆ ฎใฎ่ใๆนใ็่งฃใใๅฉใใซใชใใพใใ7
่ชๅใฎๆจฉๅฉใ็ฅใ๏ผ็ฑณๅฝใซใใใไธ่ฌๆ ๅ ฑ๏ผ
็ฑณๅฝใงใฏใ่ทๅ ดใๅคใใฎๅ ฌๅ ฑใตใผใในใชใฉไธ้จใฎๅ ด้ขใงใ้ๅฎณใซ้ขใใๆณๅพใใๅนๆ็ใชใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใฎใใใฎๅ็็้ ๆ ฎใๆฏใใใใจใใใใพใใ ่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๅ ด้ขใไฝใใๅ็็ใใจใฟใชใใใใใซใใฃใฆ็ฐใชใใพใใใใฎใใผใธใฏๆณ็ๅฉ่จใงใฏใใใพใใใไธ่ฌ็ใชๆกๅ ใจใใฆใฏใๅ่ๆ็ฎใฎ ADA National Network ใฎ่ณๆใ็ขบ่ชใใฆใใ ใใใ7
ใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใฎ้ๅ ทใจใใฆใฎใใฏใใญใธใผ
ใใฏใใญใธใผใฏ่ฃๅฉ็ใช็ต่ทฏใจใใฆ่ใใใฎใๆ้ฉใงใใ็ตถๅฏพ็ใชไฟ่จผใงใฏใใใพใใใ้กใๅใใใ้จ้ณใๆธใใใไธๅบฆใซไธไบบใใค่ฉฑใใจใใฃใใ่ใๅใใใใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใจ็ตใฟๅใใใใจๆใๅนๆ็ใงใใ12
ใฉใคใๅญๅน / ๆๅญ่ตทใใ
- ใชใๅฝน็ซใคใฎใ: ่ใๆผใใใ่จ่ใใใใจใใซใๅญๅนใๆๅญใง่ฃใฃใฆใใใพใใ6
- ้็: ้จ้ณใๅคไบบๆฐใฎ็บ่ฉฑใใขใฏใปใณใใใใคใฏๅ่ณชใฎไฝใใใใใจ็ฒพๅบฆใฏไธใใใพใใ6
- ใใ่จใฃใฆใฟใพใใใ: ใๅญๅนใใใใจๅ ๅฎนใ่ฟฝใใใใใงใใๅญๅนใใชใณใซใงใใพใใใใ
ใชใขใผใใใคใฏ๏ผ้จ้ณ + ่ท้ข๏ผ
- ใชใๅฝน็ซใคใฎใ: ใชใขใผใใใคใฏใทในใใ ใฏใ่ฉฑใๆใฎๅฃฐใใใ่ฟใใซๅฑใใพใใๅคใใฏ่ฃ่ดๅจใใใใใใณใ้ใใฆไฝฟใใพใใ็ ็ฉถใงใฏใ็นใซ้จใใใๅ ดๆใ่ท้ขใใใๅ ด้ขใงใ้ฃ่ดใฎใใๆไบบใซๆ็ใงใใใใจใ็คบใใใฆใใพใใ9
- ใใ่จใฃใฆใฟใพใใใ: ใใใฎๅฐใใชใใคใฏใไปใใฆใใใใพใใใๅจๅฒใซ้้ณใใใใจใใซ็่งฃใใใใใชใใพใใใ
ๅญๅนไปใ้ป่ฉฑใฎ้ธๆ่ข๏ผ็ฑณๅฝ๏ผ
- ใฉใใชใใฎใ: ๅญๅนไปใ้ป่ฉฑใตใผใในใฏใ้่ฉฑๅ ๅฎนใๆๅญใง่กจ็คบใใพใใ็ฑณๅฝใงใฏใFCC ใ็ฎก็ใใ Telecommunications Relay Service ใฎใใญใฐใฉใ ใ้ใใฆใๅฏพ่ฑก่ ใซๆไพใใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใ8
- ใใฉใคใใทใผใซใคใใฆ: ๆน้ใฏๆไพๅ ใซใใฃใฆ็ฐใชใใพใใๅฉ็จ่ฆ็ดใ็ขบ่ชใใ่ชๅใฎ็ถๆณใซๅใใใฎใ้ธใใงใใ ใใใ8
ๆๅญใงใฎใใใจใ๏ผใใฐใใฐๆใๅฎ่กใใใใใ้ ๆ ฎใ๏ผ
- ไผ่ญฐๅใซใกใผใซใงใ้กใใใ๏ผๅญๅนใใชใณใซใใใ่ญฐ้กใไบๅๅ ฑๆใใใ่ฆ็นใๆๆธใซใใ๏ผใ
- ๆฑบๅฎไบ้ ใๆฌกใฎในใใใใๆๆธใงใพใจใใฆใใใใ
- ใกใผใซ็ฝฒๅใซ็ญใไธๆใๅ ฅใใ: ใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใใใๆๆธใงใฎใใฉใญใผใๅฉใใซใชใใพใใใ
ๅฐใใใค่ชไฟกใใคใใ
ใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใฏในใญใซใงใใในใญใซใฏๅฎ็งใใงใฏใชใใ็นฐใ่ฟใใซใใฃใฆไผธใณใพใใใจใใฉใๅบใพใฃใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใใใ่ฆๆใใจใใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใใใ ไบบ้ใ ใจใใใ ใใงใใไบบใฏใใใฆใใ็ญใไธ่จใ้ ญใฎไธญใงๅฃฎๅคงใชๅฟ็ๆฆใซใใฆใใพใใใฎใงใใ
ใทใณใใซใช้ฒใๆน
- 1ใ2้ฑ็ฎ๏ผ่ฒ ๆ ใๅฐใใๅ ด้ข๏ผ: ่ใ่ฟใใ้ใใชๅธญใ้ธใถใ้กใ่ฆใฆ่ฉฑใใฆใใใใใ้ ผใใ
- 3ใ4้ฑ็ฎ๏ผไธญใใใใฎๅ ด้ข๏ผ: ๅไบบใๅฎถๆใซไธไบบใใค่ฉฑใใฆใใใใไผ่ฉฑไธญใฏใใฌใใ้ณๆฅฝใๅฐใใใใใ
- 5้ฑ็ฎไปฅ้๏ผๅคงไบใชๅ ด้ข๏ผ: ไปไบใๅป็ใฎๅ ด้ขใง็จๆใใใใฌใผใบใไฝฟใใๆๆธๆฏๆดใๅญๅนใๆค่จใใใ
่ชๅใซใใใใใใใใจใๆฆ็ฅใงใ
่ใๅใใซใใใ่ฒ ๆ ใฏ็พๅฎใซใใใ่ใๅใใซใใ็ฐๅขใง็ฒใๅใฃใฆใใพใใฎใฏ่ช็ถใชๅๅฟใงใใ3 ใจใฆใๆถ่ใใฆใใใจใใฏใใทใณใใซใซใใพใใใใใใกใฐใ็ญใใใฌใผใบ๏ผใใใกใใๅใใฆใใ ใใใ๏ผใไฝฟใใๆๅญใซๅใๆฟใใใไฟก้ ผใงใใไบบใฎๅฉใใๅใใใใจใใฃใๆนๆณใใใใพใใ
ๆฌกใฎในใใใ
ใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณๆฆ็ฅใ่ฉฆใ
้จ้ณไธใใฐใซใผใใๆฅๅธธไผ่ฉฑใงไปๆฅใใไฝฟใใๅฎ็จ็ใชใใผใซใงใใ
่ทๅ ดใงใฎ้ ๆ ฎใฌใคใ
่ทๅ ดใงใฉใฎใใใชๆฏๆดใๅฟ ่ฆใ่ใใๆด็ใใฆใ้กใใใๆนๆณใ็ดนไปใใพใใ
ๅ่จบๆใฎใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณ
่จบๆญใ้ธๆ่ขใๆฌกใฎในใใใใใฏใฃใใ็่งฃใงใใใใใซใใพใใ
ใฌในใใฉใณใงใฎใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใฎใณใ
ๅค้ฃๆใฎในใใฌในใ่กใ้ใใๆธใใใใใฎๅทฅๅคซใงใใ
ใใใใ่ณชๅ
ไฝใงใ่ชๅใฎใใจใฎใใใซๆใใใซใใฉใใใฃใฆ่ชๅใฎใใใซๅฃฐใไธใใใฐใใใงใใใ
็ญใใใขใฏใปในใซ็ฆ็นใๅฝใฆใฆไผใใพใใใใใ็งใฏ้ฃ่ดใใใใพใใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใใ ใใใฏๆณจ็ฎใ้ใใใใใงใฏใชใใๆ ๅ ฑใ็่งฃใใใใใงใใ่ด่ฆใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใฎๆ้ใงใใๅฎ็ๆดปใงใฎๅ ทไฝ็ใงๅฎ็จ็ใชๆฏๆดใ้่ฆใใใฆใใพใใ2
้ ๆ ฎใฎใ้กใใๆญใใใใใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใใ
ๅ ด้ขใซใใใพใใ็ฑณๅฝใฎไธ้จใฎ่ทๅ ดใๅ ฌๅ ฑใตใผใในใซใฏใๅ็็้ ๆ ฎใใฎๆ็ถใใใใใพใใใไฝใๅ็็ใใซใใฃใฆ้็ใใใใพใใ ใใฎใใผใธใฏๆณ็ๅฉ่จใงใฏใใใพใใใไธ่ฌ็ใชๆกๅ ใจใใฆใฏใๅ่ๆ็ฎใฎ ADA National Network ใฎ่ณๆใๅบ็บ็นใจใใฆๅฝน็ซใกใพใใ7
ไฝๅใใใใ้กใใใฆใใใใงใใ ใใชใ่ซฆใใในใใงใใใ
ใใใปใฉ้่ฆใงใชใๅ ด้ขใงใฏใ1ใ2ๅใ้กใใ็นฐใ่ฟใใฆใใใใใฎใใๅใใ็ถใใใใฉใใๆฑบใใใฎใฏๅฆฅๅฝใชใใจใใใใพใใ ไปไบใๅป็ใชใฉ้่ฆใชๅ ด้ขใงใฏใไธปๅฌ่ ใไธๅธใไบบไบใๆฃ่ ๆฏๆดๆ ๅฝ่ ใชใฉๆฏๆดไฝๅถใๅทปใ่พผใฟใใขใฏใปในใไธ่ฒซใใฆ็ขบไฟใใใใใใซใใใใจใๆค่จใใฆใใ ใใใ7
็ธๆใใใคใๅฟใใฆใใพใๅ ดๅใฏใฉใใใใใใใงใใใ
ใใใใใใจใงใใๆๅใซ็ญใๆใๅบใใฆใใใใฎใๅฝน็ซใกใพใใใๅฟตใฎใใใงใใใ่ฉฑใใจใใฏ็งใ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใใ ็นฐใ่ฟใ่ตทใใๅ ด้ขใงใฏใๅญๅนใใคใใใ้ใใช้จๅฑใซใใใ่ฆ็นใๆๆธใงๆฎใใชใฉใไธๅฎใฎใซใผใใฃใณใไฝใใใจใงใ่ชๅใไฝๅบฆใ่จใ็ดใๅฟ ่ฆใๆธใใพใใ26
ๅ ด้ขใซใใฃใฆ้ใ่จใๆนใงใปใซใใขใใใซใทใผใใฆใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใ
ใฏใใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใ่ทๅ ดใงใฏใใไธๅฏงใซใๅไบบใซใฏใใๅฐใๆฐ่ปฝใซใๅป็ใฎๅ ดใงใฏใใชใ็ดๆฅ็ใซไผใใฆใใใพใใพใใใ ใใใฏไธ่ฒซๆงใใชใใฎใงใฏใชใใ็ถๆณใซๅใใใฆใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณๆฆ็ฅใ่ชฟๆดใใฆใใใจใใใใจใงใใ2
ใจใฆใ็ฒใใฆใใใฎใซใใใใงใ่ชๅใฎใใใซๅฃฐใไธใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใจใใฏใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใใ
ใทใณใใซใซใใพใใใใใใใกใใๅใใฆใใ ใใใใใงใใใชใๆๅญใซๅใๆฟใใพใใใใๅณๆนใซใชใฃใฆใใใไบบใฎๅฉใใๅใใใฎใใใๆนๆณใงใใ ่ใๅใๅชๅใจ็ฒๅดใฏ่ด่ฆ็งๅญฆใฎๆ ็ตใฟใงใใใ่ชฌๆใใใฆใใพใใๆฏๆดใๅฟ ่ฆใชใฎใฏๆฎ้ใฎใใจใงใใใๅคฑๆใงใฏใใใพใใใ3
ๅ่ๆ็ฎ
ๆ นๆ ใจไธป่ฆใชๆ ๅ ฑๆบ๏ผ้ใ / ้ใใ๏ผ
- World Health Organization (WHO). World Report on Hearing. 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-report-on-hearing
- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Adult Aural Rehabilitation (Practice Portal). n.d. https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/professional-issues/aural-rehabilitation-for-adults/
- Pichora-Fuller MK, Kramer SE, Eckert MA, et al. Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Energy: The Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL). 2016. Ear and Hearing. doi:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000310
- Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). 2019. OtolaryngologyโHead and Neck Surgery. doi:10.1177/0194599819859885
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). Sudden Deafness. n.d. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/sudden-deafness
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). Captions For Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Viewers. n.d. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/captions-deaf-and-hard-hearing-viewers
- ADA National Network. Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship Under the Americans with Disabilities Act. n.d. https://adata.org/factsheet/reasonable-accommodations-workplace
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Internet Protocol (IP) Captioned Telephone Service (consumer guide PDF). n.d. https://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/ip_captioned_telephone_service.pdf
- Thibodeau LM. Benefits of Remote Microphone Technology for Adults with Hearing Loss. 2020. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology. doi:10.3766/jaaa.19060
ใใฎๅ ๅฎนใฏๆ่ฒ็ฎ็ใฎใฟใงใใ็ทๆฅใฎ็็ถใๅฑ้บใชใตใคใณใใใๅ ดๅใฏใ /ja/emergency ใๅฉ็จใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใพใจใ
้ฃ่ดใใใใจใใซ่ชๅใฎใใใซๅฃฐใไธใใใใจใฏใใใใพใพใซใชใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใ่ชๅใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใซใขใฏใปในใงใใใใใไฝใๅฉใใซใชใใใใฏใฃใใไผใใใใจใงใใใใใใใใจใงใๅๅ ใใ็่งฃใใใใใฆ็่งฃใใฆใใใใใจใใงใใพใใ123
ๅฐใใๅงใใพใใใใ10็งใฎใใฌใผใบใไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใใใๆฏๆดใๅไบบ็ใชๅฅฝๆใงใฏใชใใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใฎ้ๅ ทใจใใฆๆใ็ดใใพใใใใ ๅฑ้บใชใตใคใณใๅบใใใๅป็ๅฏพๅฟใซๅใๆฟใใEARS ใฎๅฎๅ จใฌใคใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใ ใใใ /ja/emergencyใ45
ใใชใใฎๅฃฐใฏๅคงๅใงใใใใใฆ็ทด็ฟใใใใจใงใๆฌกใฏใใฃใจใใใใใใชใใพใใ
ใใฎ่จไบใฏๅฝนใซ็ซใกใพใใใใ
็ใใพใฎใใฃใผใใใใฏใฏใๆฃ่ ใใใซใใใใๅ ๅฎนใฅใใใฎๆนๅใซๅฝน็ซใกใพใใ
ๅ ่ฒฌไบ้ : ใใฎๅ ๅฎนใฏไธ่ฌ็ใชๆ่ฒ็ฎ็ใฎใใฎใงใใใๅฐ้็ใชๅป็ไธใฎๅฉ่จใ่จบๆญใๆฒป็ใฎไปฃใใใซใฏใชใใพใใใ ๅฅๅบท็ถๆ ใซใคใใฆ็ๅใใใๅ ดๅใฏใๅฟ ใๅปๅธซใพใใฏ่ณๆ ผใฎใใๅป็ๆไพ่ ใซ็ธ่ซใใฆใใ ใใใ